Dry Skin

Dry skin develops when the outer skin barrier loses too much water and oil, leading to tightness, roughness, itching, flaking or discomfort. Identifying contributing factors and using an appropriate skin-care and treatment plan can restore moisture and improve the health of the skin barrier.
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Dry skin develops when the outer layer of the skin loses too much water and oil. It may feel tight, rough, itchy or uncomfortable and can affect people of any age.

Mild dryness often improves with changes to bathing and moisturizing. Persistent or severe dryness may be caused by eczema, psoriasis, medication, environmental exposure or another underlying condition.

What does dry skin look and feel like?

Dry skin may cause:

  • Rough or flaky areas
  • Fine scale
  • Tightness
  • Itching
  • Cracking
  • Peeling
  • Redness or discoloration
  • Painful splits
  • Bleeding
  • An ashy or gray appearance on darker skin tones

The hands, lower legs, feet, arms and sides of the abdomen are commonly affected, although dryness can occur anywhere.

Repeated scratching may thicken the skin and increase the risk of infection.

What causes dry skin?

Possible causes include:

  • Cold weather
  • Low humidity
  • Indoor heating
  • Long, hot showers
  • Harsh soap
  • Frequent handwashing
  • Cleaning chemicals
  • Swimming-pool chemicals
  • Aging
  • Certain medications
  • Atopic dermatitis
  • Psoriasis
  • Thyroid disease
  • Diabetes
  • Kidney disease

More than one factor may be involved.

When should dry skin be evaluated?

Schedule an examination when dryness:

  • Does not improve with regular moisturizing
  • Interferes with sleep
  • Causes deep cracks or bleeding
  • Covers a large area
  • Becomes painful
  • Develops oozing, crusting or swelling
  • Begins after a new medication
  • Occurs with other unexplained symptoms

A rash that appears dry may actually be eczema, psoriasis, ringworm or allergic contact dermatitis.

How is excessively dry skin treated?

Treatment is based on the cause and severity.

Your plan may include:

  • A thick fragrance-free cream or ointment
  • A prescription barrier-repair moisturizer
  • Topical anti-inflammatory medication
  • Medication to relieve itching
  • Treatment for infection
  • Changes to bathing and cleansing
  • Evaluation for an underlying medical condition

Creams and ointments generally retain more moisture than thin lotions.

What skin care helps relieve dryness?

Bathe or shower with lukewarm water and limit the amount of time spent in the water. Use a mild fragrance-free cleanser only where needed.

Gently pat the skin dry and apply moisturizer while the skin remains slightly damp. Reapply it throughout the day, particularly after washing your hands.

Wear gloves when cleaning or working with water and protect exposed skin during cold or windy weather.

Schedule a dry-skin consultation

Dry, itchy skin can have many causes and may require more than an over-the-counter lotion. The Dermatology Clinic can identify contributing factors and create a personalized plan to restore and protect your skin barrier. Contact us today to get scheduled.

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