Hives (Urticaria)

Hives (urticaria) are raised, itchy welts that can appear suddenly, change shape or location and result from a variety of skin reactions. Evaluation can help identify possible triggers, distinguish acute from chronic hives and determine treatment to control itching and recurring outbreaks.
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Hives, medically called urticaria, are raised, itchy welts caused by a skin reaction. They may appear suddenly and change location, shape or size throughout the day.

An individual hive usually disappears within 24 hours, although new ones may continue developing. Hives are considered chronic when they repeatedly occur for more than six weeks.

What do hives look like?

Hives may appear as:

  • Small raised bumps
  • Large swollen patches
  • Round, oval or irregular welts
  • Rings or map-like shapes
  • Areas with pale centers
  • Red, pink, purple, brown or skin-colored swelling

They often itch intensely and may sting or burn. Pressing a hive can sometimes make its center temporarily turn pale.

Hives may occur anywhere on the body.

What is angioedema?

Angioedema is deeper swelling that may occur with hives. It commonly affects the eyelids, lips, hands, feet or genital area.

Call emergency services immediately if swelling affects the tongue or throat or if the person develops:

  • Difficulty breathing
  • Wheezing
  • Trouble swallowing
  • Dizziness or fainting
  • Rapidly worsening facial swelling

These symptoms may indicate a serious allergic reaction.

What causes hives?

Potential triggers include:

  • Foods
  • Medication
  • Insect bites or stings
  • Infection
  • Heat or cold
  • Pressure on the skin
  • Exercise or sweating
  • Sunlight
  • Water
  • Contact with certain substances

In chronic spontaneous urticaria, hives occur repeatedly without a clearly identifiable external trigger. This type may involve immune-system activity rather than a traditional allergy.

How are hives diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on the appearance, duration and pattern of the welts. Photographs can be helpful because the rash may disappear before your appointment.

Your provider will ask about medications, foods, illnesses, physical triggers and accompanying symptoms. Allergy testing or bloodwork is recommended selectively rather than automatically for every patient.

A skin biopsy may be considered when individual spots remain longer than 24 hours, bruise or are more painful than itchy.

How are hives treated?

Treatment may include:

  • A nonsedating oral antihistamine
  • Adjusting the antihistamine dose under medical supervision
  • Avoiding an identified trigger
  • A short course of another medication for a severe flare
  • Omalizumab or another immune-targeted treatment for persistent chronic hives

Do not increase medication doses without guidance.

Cool compresses, loose clothing and avoiding overheating may reduce discomfort.

Schedule a hives consultation

Recurring hives can interfere with sleep and daily activities even when no allergy is found. The Dermatology Clinic can evaluate the pattern, exclude other conditions and develop a plan to control itching and prevent flare-ups. Contact us today to get scheduled.

Hives (Urticaria)
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